Problem in answers?

I have no idea of Q1,Q4
and how the answer of question number 13 is n^2

Q1 can be best understood while studying graphs(topic kruskal algorithm)
and Q4 can be best done when doing merge sort(under the recursion section) (in merge sort we create a temp array to store the merged array in sorted form and then copy it to the original array so that has the space complexity of O(n)
Q13

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