#include
using namespace std;
int count(int n,int m)
{
//Base Case
if(n==1 || n==2)
{
return n;
}
//Recursive Case
return count(n,n-1)+count(n,n-m);
}
int main() {
int t;
cin>>t;
for(int i=0;i<t;i++)
{
int n,m;
cin>>n>>m;
cout<<count(n,m)<<endl;
}
return 0;
}